Machine Learning Interviews
Chapter 1. ML Roles and the interview process
ML Interview process
Skills | Job titles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Data scientist (DS) | ML Engineer (MLE) |
MLOps engineer |
Data engineer |
Data analyst |
|
Data visualization, communication | ★★★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ | ★★★ |
Data exploration, cleaning, intuition | ★★★ | ★★★ | ★ | ★★★ | ★★★ |
ML theory, statistics | ★★★ | ★★★ | ★★ | ★ | ★ |
Programming tools (Python, SQL) | ★★★ | ★★★ | ★★★ | ★★★ | ★ |
Software infrastructure (Docker, Kubernetes, CI/CD) | ★ |
★ to ★★★ | ★★★ | ★ | ★ |
Skills to the Job titles |
ML Lifecycle
Common ML job titles and how they correspond to the ML lifecycle.
- (A) Data
- (B) Machine learning development
- (C.1) ML/software infrastructure
- (C.2) ML hypothesis testing/monitoring
- (D) Reports and dashboards
The interview process can be a shortcut with a strong referral.
Chapter 2. ML Job Application and Resume
ML Job Application Guide
Applications × Effectiveness per application (EPA) → Interview invites
Job applications and their effectiveness per application
Asking for referral
Just a template:
Hi XYZ,
Hope you are doing well. I saw that ABC is hiring for DEF position and also just noticed that you are working there.
I am curious to learn about your working experience at ABC and if you would recommend applying? Thanks.
-
State a connection.
- They stated where they had met me before. In some cases, job seekers mention reading my blog or seeing me speak.
- They may mention something as simple as seeing one of my LinkedIn posts (it’s important to be specific about which one).
-
Be specific.
- They linked the job posting or mentioned details about why they were reaching out.
- Sometimes I get very broad questions, such as “How do I enter data science?” In those situations, even if I have a coffee chat with them, I’ll be duplicating and repeating information that they could get in one of my blog posts, or from this book! A call or meeting should be meant for a deeper conversation.
-
Politeness goes a long way.
- They weren’t pushy or rude and were very respectful of my time.
A significant amount of hiring occurs through channels such as cold-emailing managers, warm introductions via referrals, or networking events.
In fact, I advise my mentees to never apply through the job board/company website unless it is absolutely necessary.
-Suhas Pai, CTO of Bedrock AI
Experience Writing
Here are some more tips to improve your initial bullet points:
- Start the experience writing points with action verbs.
- Specify your impact, ideally in a way that’s quantified and easy to understand.
- Add tools and programming languages you used.
Resume Resources
- “Resume Checklist” to make sure your resume looks polished (University of Waterloo)
- Action verbs for when you run out of ideas: “Action Verbs for Resume Writing” (University of Washington)
- Resume format and checklist via CareerCup (North America focused)
- Resume templates on Overleaf (LaTeX markdown): The one I’ve used for the last five years is AltaCV (two-column). I personalized the template by removing the graphics, leaving only text. A popular single-column template is Modern-Deedy.
Table 2-2. Spreadsheet example of tracking applications and interviews
Application date | Company | Job posting URL | Interview type | Interview date | Interviewers | Emails | Notes | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023-08-02 | ARI Corp | https://[url-to-job-description] | Hiring manager: behavioral and past project deep dive | 2023-08-15 | Xue-La (hiring manager) | [email protected] | Recruiter says this is the ad revenue ML team | Pending |
2023-08-03 | Taipaw AI | https://[url-to-job-description] | Recruiter screen | 2023-08–5 | Max (recruiter) | [email protected] | Asked about PyTorch exp | Passed |
Chapter 3. Technical Interview: Machine Learning Algorithms
As a rule of thumb, it’s vital to explain algorithms and ML concepts at two levels: on a simple “explain like I’m five years old” level and at a deeper, technical level, one more appropriate for a college course. A second rule of thumb is to be prepared to answer follow-up questions to these ML algorithm interview questions. This is so the interviewer knows that you didn’t just memorize and then regurgitate the answer but that you can apply it to various real-life scenarios on the job.
Read: https://huyenchip.com/ml-interviews-book/
Source
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4wb3YktQCY
- https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/machine-learning-interviews/9781098146535/ch01.html